{"id":15036,"date":"2025-03-23T12:02:06","date_gmt":"2025-03-23T12:02:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/noti-america.com\/site\/mexico\/2025\/03\/23\/veppex-y-amavex-presentan-escrito-de-apoyo-a-beneficiarios-del-tps-venezolano-ante-la-aclu-miami-fl-19-de-marzo-de-2025-las-organizaciones-venezolanos-perseguidos-politicos-en-el-2\/"},"modified":"2025-03-23T12:02:06","modified_gmt":"2025-03-23T12:02:06","slug":"veppex-y-amavex-presentan-escrito-de-apoyo-a-beneficiarios-del-tps-venezolano-ante-la-aclu-miami-fl-19-de-marzo-de-2025-las-organizaciones-venezolanos-perseguidos-politicos-en-el-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/noti-america.com\/site\/mexico\/2025\/03\/23\/veppex-y-amavex-presentan-escrito-de-apoyo-a-beneficiarios-del-tps-venezolano-ante-la-aclu-miami-fl-19-de-marzo-de-2025-las-organizaciones-venezolanos-perseguidos-politicos-en-el-2\/","title":{"rendered":"VEPPEX y AMAVEX presentan escrito de apoyo a beneficiarios del TPS venezolano ante la ACLU"},"content":{"rendered":"

NOTI-AMERICA.COM | VENEZUELA<\/strong><\/p>\n

VEPPEX y AMAVEX presentan escrito de apoyo a beneficiarios del TPS venezolano ante la ACLU<\/p>\n

Miami, FL \u2013 19 de marzo de 2025 \u2013 Las organizaciones Venezolanos Perseguidos Pol\u00edticos en el Exilio (VEPPEX) y la Asociaci\u00f3n Multicultural de Activistas Voz y Expresi\u00f3n (AMAVEX) han presentado un escrito de Amicus Curiae ante la Uni\u00f3n Estadounidense por las Libertades Civiles (ACLU, por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s), en apoyo a los beneficiarios venezolanos del Estatus de Protecci\u00f3n Temporal (TPS, por sus siglas en ingl\u00e9s). Este esfuerzo busca respaldar la demanda presentada por la Alianza Nacional TPS contra la decisi\u00f3n del Departamento de Seguridad Nacional (DHS) de finalizar el TPS para aproximadamente 348,000 venezolanos, anunciada el pasado 20 de febrero de 2025, con vencimiento previsto para el 2 de abril de 2025.<\/p>\n

El escrito, liderado por Jos\u00e9 Antonio Colina, presidente de VEPPEX, y Helene Villalonga, presidenta de AMAVEX, argumenta que la terminaci\u00f3n del TPS es ilegal, arbitraria y contraviene principios humanitarios fundamentales establecidos en la ley de inmigraci\u00f3n de Estados Unidos y en normas internacionales de derechos humanos. Ambas organizaciones destacan que la deportaci\u00f3n de beneficiarios del TPS expondr\u00eda a los venezolanos a graves riesgos en su pa\u00eds de origen, donde persisten la represi\u00f3n pol\u00edtica, el colapso econ\u00f3mico y las violaciones sistem\u00e1ticas de derechos humanos, seg\u00fan informes recientes del Departamento de Estado de EE.UU. y Human Rights Watch.<\/p>\n

Protecci\u00f3n de familias y ni\u00f1os ciudadanos estadounidenses<\/p>\n

El documento enfatiza el impacto devastador que la terminaci\u00f3n del TPS tendr\u00eda en las familias, especialmente en m\u00e1s de 270,000 ni\u00f1os ciudadanos estadounidenses que dependen de padres con TPS. La separaci\u00f3n forzada violar\u00eda derechos constitucionales como la unidad familiar, protegida bajo la Quinta y Decimocuarta Enmienda, y causar\u00eda da\u00f1os psicol\u00f3gicos, econ\u00f3micos y educativos irreparables a estos menores, seg\u00fan estudios citados de la Asociaci\u00f3n Americana de Psicolog\u00eda y el Urban Institute.<\/p>\n

Contribuciones econ\u00f3micas y sociales<\/p>\n

VEPPEX y AMAVEX tambi\u00e9n subrayan las significativas contribuciones de los inmigrantes venezolanos a la econom\u00eda estadounidense, particularmente en estados como Florida, Texas y Nueva York. Con una tasa de participaci\u00f3n laboral del 74% y un 57% de adultos con t\u00edtulos universitarios, los venezolanos han impulsado sectores clave como la salud, la construcci\u00f3n y la hospitalidad. Su deportaci\u00f3n generar\u00eda p\u00e9rdidas econ\u00f3micas, escasez de mano de obra y un aumento en la dependencia de programas de asistencia p\u00fablica.<\/p>\n

Contexto legal y humanitario<\/p>\n

El escrito argumenta que la decisi\u00f3n del DHS viola la Ley de Procedimiento Administrativo (APA) al ignorar las condiciones actuales en Venezuela y precedentes judiciales como Ramos v. Nielsen (2018) y Saget v. Trump (2019), que exigen una justificaci\u00f3n basada en evidencia para terminar protecciones humanitarias. Adem\u00e1s, resalta la incongruencia de esta medida con sanciones previas de EE.UU. contra el r\u00e9gimen de Nicol\u00e1s Maduro y la reciente extensi\u00f3n del TPS en enero de 2025 por la administraci\u00f3n Biden.<\/p>\n

Un llamado a la justicia<\/p>\n

\u201cLa terminaci\u00f3n del TPS no solo pone en peligro la vida de miles de venezolanos que huyeron de la persecuci\u00f3n, sino que tambi\u00e9n destroza familias estadounidenses y debilita comunidades enteras\u201d, afirm\u00f3 Jos\u00e9 Antonio Colina.<\/p>\n

Por su parte, Helene Villalonga agreg\u00f3: \u201cAMAVEX y VEPPEX luchan por la justicia y la protecci\u00f3n de quienes han encontrado refugio en este pa\u00eds. Instamos a la ACLU a preservar el TPS como un salvavidas humanitario esencial.\u201d<\/p>\n

Para m\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n, contactar a:<\/p>\n

Jos\u00e9 Antonio Colina \u2013 VEPPEX
\nTel: 1-786-436-8269
\nEmail:\u00a0joseacolina@hotmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

Helene Villalonga \u2013 AMAVEX
\nTel: 1-754-423-1796
\nEmail:\u00a0amavex.int@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

PROPOSED MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAECASE NO. 3:25-CV-01766 – 1
\nPRO SE
\nJos\u00e9 Antonio Colina
\nPresident of VEPPEX
\nProtected by the United Nations Convention against Torture
\n7000 Rue Granville #103, Miami Beach 33141
\nPhone: 1-786-436-8269
\nEmail: Joseacolina@hotmail.com
\nHelene Villalonga
\nPresident of AMAVEX, INC (Asociaci\u00f3n Multicultural de Activistas Voz y Expresi\u00f3n)
\n8180 NW 36th St Ste. 415
\nDoral, FL 33166
\nPhone: 1-754-423-1796
\nEmail: amavex.int@gmail.com
\nIN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
\nFOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
\nSAN FRANCISCO DIVISION
\nNATIONAL TPS ALLIANCE, ET AL.,
\nPLAINTIFFS,
\nV.
\nKRISTI NOEM, IN HER OFFICIAL CAPACITY AS
\nSECRETARY OF HOMELAND SECURITY, ET AL.,
\nDEFENDANTS.
\nCase No. 3:25-cv-1766-EMC
\nPROPOSED MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE
\nBRIEF OF AMICI CURIAECASE NO. 3:25-CV01766
\nDate: March 18, 2025<\/p>\n

PROPOSED MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAECASE NO. 3:25-CV-01766 – 1<\/p>\n

AMICUS CURIAE BRIEF OF VEPPEX AND AMAVEX IN SUPPORT OF PLAINTIFFS’
\nSubmitted by VENEZOLANOS PERSEGUIDOS POL\u00cdTICOS EN EL EXILIO (VEPPEX) and the
\nASOCIACI\u00d3N MULTICULTURAL DE ACTIVISTAS VOZ Y EXPRESI\u00d3N (AMAVEX) To the Honorable
\nDistrict Court for The Northern District of California, San Francisco Division in the case concerning the cancellation
\nof Temporary Protected Status (TPS) for Venezuelan nationals.
\nI. IDENTIFICATION AND INTEREST OF THE AMICI CURIAE
\nVENEZOLANOS PERSEGUIDOS POL\u00cdTICOS EN EL EXILIO (VEPPEX) and the ASOCIACI\u00d3N
\nMULTICULTURAL DE ACTIVISTAS VOZ Y EXPRESI\u00d3N (AMAVEX, INC) nonprofit organizations based in
\nthe United States, respectfully request that this Honorable Court accept this Amicus Curiae brief in support of
\nVenezuelan beneficiaries of Temporary Protected Status (TPS). VEPPEX represents Venezuelans exiled due to
\npolitical persecution by the Nicol\u00e1s Maduro regime, while AMAVEX, INC the oldest Venezuelan-American human
\nrights advocacy nonprofit in Florida, was established on November 9, 2007, and is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit
\norganization.
\nAMAVEX, INC, has played a pivotal role in advancing policy advocacy efforts, successfully mobilizing over
\n25,000 letters to Congress in support of the original TPS designation for Venezuelans. Additionally, AMAVEX,
\nINC has been instrumental in legislative initiatives, including the Bolivar Act, which seeks to hold the Maduro
\nregime accountable for widespread human rights violations. Recognized as a leading advocacy organization for
\nVenezuelan migrants, AMAVEX, INC has maintained strong engagement with international institutions,
\nparticularly the Organization of American States (OAS), to amplify the voices of displaced Venezuelans.
\nThe importance of international cooperation in protecting the rights of displaced Venezuelans is underscored by
\nthe formal partnership agreement between AMAVEX, INC and the General Secretariat of the Organization of
\nAmerican States (OAS). This agreement establishes a framework for joint advocacy, policy recommendations, and
\nsupport mechanisms for Venezuelan migrants, reinforcing the critical need for legal protections such as TPS. It also
\nrecognizes AMAVEX, INC\u2019s commitment to democracy, human rights, and the promotion of legal status
\nprotections for Venezuelans in the United States, with a particular focus on family unity and reunification of migrant
\nfamilies<\/p>\n

PROPOSED MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAECASE NO. 3:25-CV-01766 – 2<\/p>\n

Our interest in this case lies in safeguarding the human rights of TPS beneficiaries, who face grave and
\nimminent danger if deported to Venezuela. Many TPS holders have fled systematic repression, extrajudicial
\npersecution, and economic devastation. Through legal assistance, humanitarian aid, and policy advocacy,
\nAMAVEX, INC and VEPPEX have witnessed firsthand the dire consequences of returning Venezuelans to a
\ncountry plagued by political violence and human rights abuses. For these reasons, we submit this brief to highlight
\nthe legal, humanitarian, and public policy justifications for maintaining TPS protections for Venezuelan migrants in
\nthe United States.
\nII. SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT
\nThe termination of TPS for Venezuelans is unlawful, arbitrary, and capricious under the Administrative
\nProcedure Act (APA) and contradicts fundamental humanitarian principles enshrined in U.S. immigration law and
\ninternational human rights norms.
\nIf TPS is terminated, Venezuelan nationals will face grave risks upon returning to Venezuela, and their U.S.
\ncitizen children and families will suffer irreparable harm due to the economic, emotional, and legal impact of family
\nseparations and destabilization.
\nRecent reports from the U.S. Department of State, Human Rights Watch, and other organizations confirm that
\nconditions in Venezuela have worsened significantly, with state repression, economic collapse, and human rights
\nviolations continuing to escalate. Given these conditions, the termination of TPS contradicts the purpose of 8 U.S.C.
\n\u00a7 1254a, which mandates protection for individuals unable to safely return to their home country due to
\nextraordinary conditions.
\nIII. FACTUAL CONTEXT AND BACKGROUND
\nVenezuela was designated for Temporary Protected Status (\u201cTPS\u201d) in March 2021 by the United States
\nDepartment of Homeland Security, recognizing the extraordinary and degrading conditions in Venezuela, including
\nan unprecedented humanitarian crisis, systematic political repression, and the absence of safety guarantees for
\ncitizens. Since then, thousands of Venezuelans have found refuge in this country, many of whom have used social
\nmedia platforms to voice their opposition to the Maduro regime, denounce human rights violations, and advocate for
\nthe restoration of democracy in their homeland<\/p>\n

PROPOSED MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAECASE NO. 3:25-CV-01766 – 3<\/p>\n

However, these public expressions\u2014protected under the right to free speech in the United States\u2014make them
\nspecific targets for retaliation by the Venezuelan regime. In particular, Diosdado Cabello, a central figure in the
\nregime and current Minister of Interior, Justice, and Peace, has consistently demonstrated his willingness to
\npersecute critics of the government, both within Venezuela and abroad, using the state apparatus to silence dissent.
\nAccording to the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2023 data, the Venezuelan population in the United States has grown to
\n903,153, reflecting a significant increase over previous years. This represents one of the fastest-growing immigrant
\npopulations in the U.S. The State of Florida remains the largest Venezuelan population, with approximately 380,972
\nindividuals, followed by Texas, which is home to around 122,038 Venezuelans. The data confirms that Venezuelans
\ncontinue to be a substantial and growing presence in the United States, emphasizing the critical need for continued
\nlegal protections such as TPS. (Source: U.S. Census Bureau, ACS 2023, Table S0201).
\nA. TPS TERMINATION VIOLATES THE APA AND FAILS TO CONSIDER THE
\nHUMANITARIAN AND LEGAL REALITIES IN VENEZUELA
\nUnder the Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. \u00a7 706), agency decisions must not be arbitrary or capricious.
\nCourts have consistently held that the government must provide a rational, evidence-based justification when
\nrescinding humanitarian protections.
\n\u2022 The 2023 U.S. State Department Human Rights Report on Venezuela documents ongoing extrajudicial
\nkillings, politically motivated detentions, and severe restrictions on freedom of speech and assembly.
\n\u2022 The Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar Liberator Law criminalizes support for international sanctions, exposing Venezuelan
\nTPS holders to severe imprisonment, property confiscation, and even torture upon return.
\nAlthough, the United States has issued several executive orders imposing sanctions on Venezuela in response to
\nconcerns over human rights violations, corruption, and anti-democratic actions. Below is a list of key executive
\norders:
\n\u2022 Executive Order 13692 (March 8, 2015): Declared Venezuela a national emergency due to the threat
\nposed to U.S. national security and foreign policy, authorizing sanctions against individuals involved in
\nhuman rights abuses, anti-democratic actions, and public corruption.
\n\u2022 Executive Order 13808 (August 24, 2017): Imposed financial sanctions restricting the Venezuelan
\ngovernment’s access to U.S. financial markets, prohibiting dealings in new debt and equity issued by the
\ngovernment and its state oil company, PDVSA<\/p>\n

PROPOSED MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAECASE NO. 3:25-CV-01766 – 4<\/p>\n

Executive Order 13827 (March 19, 2018): Prohibited transactions involving Venezuela’s digital currency,
\nthe \u00abPetro,\u00bb introduced by the Maduro government to circumvent existing sanctions.
\n\u2022 Executive Order 13835 (May 21, 2018): Prohibited transactions related to the purchase of Venezuelan
\ndebt, including accounts receivable, to prevent the Maduro administration from liquidating state assets at
\nthe expense of the Venezuelan people.
\n\u2022 Executive Order 13850 (November 1, 2018): Targeted individuals and entities operating in Venezuela’s
\ngold sector and authorized sanctions against those complicit in corruption involving Venezuelan
\ngovernment projects or programs.
\n\u2022 Suspension of U.S.-Venezuela Flights (May 15, 2019): The U.S. Department of Transportation, under the
\nTrump administration, ordered the suspension of all commercial and cargo flights between the United
\nStates and Venezuela, citing security concerns due to political instability and the ongoing humanitarian
\ncrisis. The decision further isolated Venezuela and limited mobility for Venezuelans seeking refuge or
\nfamily reunification.
\n\u2022 Executive Order 13884 (August 5, 2019): Effectively blocked all property and interests in property of the
\nVenezuelan government within U.S. jurisdiction, representing a significant escalation in economic pressure
\nagainst the Maduro regime.
\n\u2022 Designation of Nicol\u00e1s Maduro as a Major Human Rights Violator (July 31, 2020): The U.S.
\nDepartment of State officially designated Nicol\u00e1s Maduro Moros as a major human rights violator due to
\nhis direct involvement in systemic human rights abuses, including extrajudicial killings, arbitrary
\ndetentions, and suppression of political opposition. This designation reinforced the legal and moral
\njustifications for existing and future sanctions against the Venezuelan regime. The Department of State on
\nJanuary 10, 2025, announced raising the reward offer to up to $25 million.
\n\u2022 Executive Order 13962 (January 19, 2021): Targeted additional sectors of the Venezuelan economy,
\nincluding the defense and security sectors, to further pressure the Maduro regime.
\n\u2022 Deferred Enforced Departure (DED) for Venezuelans (January 19, 2021): On his last full day in office,
\nPresident Donald Trump issued a presidential memorandum granting Deferred Enforced Departure (DED)<\/p>\n

PROPOSED MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAECASE NO. 3:25-CV-01766 – 5<\/p>\n

to certain Venezuelan nationals for 18 months. This action provided protection from deportation and work
\nauthorization to eligible Venezuelans residing in the United States.
\n\u2022 Temporary Protected Status (TPS) for Venezuelans (March 8, 2021): The Biden-Harris administration
\ndesignated Venezuela for Temporary Protected Status (TPS), allowing Venezuelan nationals residing in the
\nU.S. as of that date to apply for protection from deportation and work permits for 18 months. This
\ndesignation was in response to the humanitarian crisis and political instability in Venezuela.
\n\u2022 Temporary Protected Status (TPS) for Venezuelans (July 2022): The Department of Homeland
\nSecurity extended TPS for Venezuelans for an additional 18 months, effective from September 10, 2022, to
\nMarch 10, 2024.
\n\u2022 Temporary Protected Status (TPS) for Venezuelans (September 2023): Further support was provided
\nby expanding the TPS designation, allowing more Venezuelans to access work permits and legal
\nprotection, especially in response to increased migration to major U.S. cities
\n\u2022 Temporary Protected Status (TPS) for Venezuelans (January 10, 2025): President Joe Biden’s
\nadministration announced an 18-month extension of Temporary Protected Status (TPS) for Venezuelan
\nnationals residing in the United States. This decision aimed to provide continued protection from
\ndeportation and work authorization to eligible Venezuelans, acknowledging the ongoing humanitarian
\ncrisis and political instability in Venezuela that make safe return untenable. The Department of Homeland
\nSecurity emphasized that the extension was due to extraordinary and temporary conditions preventing
\nVenezuelan nationals from safely returning to their home country. This extension was set to benefit
\napproximately 600,000 Venezuelans living in the U.S., allowing them to maintain legal residency and
\nemployment.
\nDespite these measures, contrary to the law the second Trump administration took steps to revoke
\nprotections for Venezuelan migrants:
\n\u2022 Temporary Protected Status (TPS) for Venezuelans (February 20, 2025): The Department of
\nHomeland Security (DHS) announced the termination of Temporary Protected Status (TPS) for Venezuelan
\nnationals. This decision affects approximately 348,000 Venezuelans, with their TPS benefits set to expire
\nas early as April 2, 2025.<\/p>\n

PROPOSED MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAECASE NO. 3:25-CV-01766 – 6<\/p>\n

In Ramos v. Nielsen, 336 F. Supp. 3d 1075 (N.D. Cal. 2018) and Saget v. Trump, 375 F. Supp. 3d 280
\n(E.D.N.Y. 2019), courts ruled that TPS terminations must meaningfully consider country conditions. By
\ndisregarding these humanitarian concerns, the government’s decision to terminate TPS for Venezuelans is legally
\nflawed and must be enjoined. The failure to take into account country conditions renders such terminations legally
\nflawed and subject to judicial review.
\nB. VULNERABILITY OF U.S. CITIZEN RELATIVES AND THE EXTREME HARDSHIP THEY
\nWOULD FACE IF TPS IS TERMINATED
\na. A. Best Interest of the Child and Family Unity
\nThe U.S. Constitution and federal law recognize the fundamental right to family unity, particularly
\nwhen minor U.S. citizen children are involved. The principle of the best interest of the child, deeply
\nrooted in U.S. jurisprudence, requires that government actions that impact children prioritize their
\nwelfare and development. In Ms. L. v. U.S. Immigration & Customs Enforcement (ICE), 310 F. Supp.
\n3d 1133 (S.D. Cal. 2018), the court enjoined the government\u2019s practice of family separation, finding it
\nviolated substantive due process rights under the Fifth Amendment.
\nThe Ms. L. decision reinforced that separating children from their parents without due process
\nconstitutes cruel and unconstitutional treatment. The termination of TPS would result in thousands of
\nVenezuelan parents facing removal while their U.S. citizen children remain in the United States,
\nleading to forced separations that contradict constitutional protections. The family separation crisis
\nhighlighted in Ms. L. demonstrated the devastating psychological, emotional, and developmental harm
\nsuffered by children when separated from their parents.
\nb. DUE PROCESS AND FAMILY UNITY UNDER THE FIFTH AND FOURTEENTH
\nAMENDMENTS
\nThe Fifth Amendment’s Due Process Clause protects U.S. citizens from arbitrary government actions
\nthat deprive them of fundamental rights, including the right to family integrity. The Fourteenth
\nAmendment guarantees equal protection under the law, ensuring that policies do not disproportionately
\nharm vulnerable U.S. citizen families or their protected rights<\/p>\n

PROPOSED MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAECASE NO. 3:25-CV-01766 – 7<\/p>\n

Courts have long held that government actions affecting fundamental family relationships must be
\nnarrowly tailored and justified by a compelling state interest (Troxel v. Granville, 530 U.S. 57 (2000)).
\nThe sudden termination of TPS for Venezuelans would tear families apart, leaving thousands of U.S.
\ncitizen children and spouses without one or both of their primary caregivers and providers. Courts have
\npreviously recognized that the right to family unity is a compelling interest protected by the
\nConstitution (Moore v. City of East Cleveland, 431 U.S. 494 (1977)).
\n\u2022 In Zadvydas v. Davis, 533 U.S. 678 (2001), the Supreme Court held that immigration enforcement
\nmust not violate constitutional principles, particularly when it would impose undue hardship on
\nU.S. citizen family members.
\n\u2022 In Plyler v. Doe, 457 U.S. 202 (1982), the Court reaffirmed equal protection for vulnerable
\npopulations, arguing that punitive immigration policies should not unduly harm children.
\nForcibly deporting parents and spouses of U.S. citizens without properly considering the hardship on
\nAmerican families violates substantive due process and fundamental fairness. The termination of TPS
\ndisproportionately harms U.S. citizen children of Venezuelan nationals, further implicating the Equal
\nProtection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. By disregarding the constitutional protections
\nafforded to U.S. citizen families, the government essentially violate the constitution when it decides to
\nterminate TPS of parents of U.S. Citizen children, which is unlawful and must be enjoined.
\nC. ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTIONS OF VENEZUELAN IMMIGRANTS AND THE IMPACT OF
\nREMOVAL
\nD.
\nVenezuelan immigrants have made substantial contributions to the U.S. economy, particularly in Florida,
\nTexas, and New York. Many have established businesses in hospitality, retail, and professional services,
\ncreating jobs and stimulating economic growth. Their cultural influence has enriched local communities and
\nbolstered Florida’s economy, where Venezuelans represent a significant and growing demographic.
\nIn Doral, Florida, a city with a large Venezuelan population, Vice Mayor Maureen Porras emphasized that
\nremoving Venezuelan TPS holders would severely impact the local economy. The loss of workers,
\nentrepreneurs, and consumers would negatively affect real estate, retail, and job creation.
\ni) Venezuelan Immigrant Contributions to the U.S. Economy<\/p>\n

PROPOSED MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAECASE NO. 3:25-CV-01766 – 8<\/p>\n

(1) Population Growth:
\n\u2022 As of 2021, approximately 545,000 Venezuelan immigrants resided in the United States\u2014nearly
\ntripling since 2010.
\n\u2022 The majority have settled in Florida (51%), Texas (14%), and New York (4%), with significant
\nconcentrations in Miami, Orlando, and Houston.
\nii) Educational Attainment & Workforce Participation:
\n\u2022 57% of Venezuelan immigrants aged 25 and older hold at least a bachelor’s degree, surpassing
\nboth the U.S.-born (35%) and overall immigrant (34%) populations.
\n\u2022 Their labor force participation rate stands at 74%, higher than both the foreign-born (66%) and
\nnative-born (62%) populations, indicating strong engagement in the U.S. workforce.
\niii) Economic Impact:
\n\u2022 TPS holders are vital to essential industries, including healthcare, construction, education, and
\nhospitality.
\n\u2022 Economic studies show that TPS holders contribute billions of dollars to the U.S. economy.
\n\u2022 Their removal would lead to job shortages and increased reliance on public assistance programs.
\n\u2022 Forced deportation of parents would disrupt families, with thousands of U.S. citizen children
\nfacing foster care placement or extreme financial hardship, which will burden state or federal
\nwelfare programs
\niv) Tax Contributions & Business Ownership:
\n\u2022 In 2022, immigrant households paid $579.1 billion in total taxes, accounting for nearly one in
\nevery six tax dollars collected by federal, state, and local governments.
\n\u2022 Over 25% of workers in U.S. agriculture and construction industries are immigrants.
\n\u2022 Nearly 23.1% of all STEM workers in the U.S. are foreign-born.
\n\u2022 Households headed by Venezuelan immigrants had a median annual income of $64,000 in 2021,
\nslightly below the $70,000 median for all immigrant and native-led households.
\n\u2022 Approximately 14% of Venezuelan immigrants lived in poverty in 2021, comparable to the overall
\nimmigrant population and slightly higher than the 13% rate among the U.S.-born population.<\/p>\n

PROPOSED MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAECASE NO. 3:25-CV-01766 – 9<\/p>\n

E. PUBLIC POLICY RATIONALE FOR FAMILY UNITY
\nFamily unity is a foundational principle of U.S. immigration law and policy. The removal of TPS holders
\nwould force the separation of thousands of families, violating long-standing legal protections and undermining
\nthe well-being of U.S. citizen children and spouses. Family separation due to deportation has been widely
\ndocumented to cause psychological distress, financial instability, and long-term developmental harm to
\nchildren.
\na) Legal Framework for Family Reunification
\n\u2022 The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) prioritizes family reunification as a central tenet of U.S.
\nimmigration policy.
\n\u2022 The INA establishes family-sponsored immigration pathways and protects qualifying relatives from
\nundue separation.
\n\u2022 The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), though not fully ratified by the
\nU.S., recognizes family unity as a key human rights principle, reinforcing the moral and legal
\nobligations to prevent forced separations.
\nb) Child Welfare and Family Integrity Protections
\n\u2022 The Child Citizenship Act of 2000 ensures that eligible children remain with their parents and do not
\nface unnecessary hardship due to immigration enforcement actions.
\n\u2022 Numerous Supreme Court decisions affirm the constitutional importance of family integrity, including:
\no Moore v. City of East Cleveland, 431 U.S. 494 (1977), which recognized family unity as a
\nfundamental constitutional right.
\no Zadvydas v. Davis, 533 U.S. 678 (2001), which held that immigration enforcement must not
\nimpose undue hardship on U.S. citizen family members.
\no Plyler v. Doe, 457 U.S. 202 (1982), which reaffirmed that punitive immigration policies
\nshould not unduly harm children.
\no Troxel v. Granville, 530 U.S. 57 (2000), which established that the Due Process Clause
\nprotects the fundamental right of parents to make decisions concerning the care, custody, and
\ncontrol of their children<\/p>\n

PROPOSED MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAECASE NO. 3:25-CV-01766 – 10<\/p>\n

c) The Harm of Family Separation and Contradictions to U.S. Policy Commitments
\n\u2022 Terminating TPS would force the separation of thousands of families, directly contradicting the
\nhumanitarian principles of U.S. immigration law.
\n\u2022 U.S. policies, such as Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), the Family Unity Program,
\nand the Parole in Place program for military families, emphasize keeping families together as a
\nnational interest.
\n\u2022 Research confirms that children who experience parental separation suffer from severe emotional
\ndistress, economic hardship, and educational disruptions:
\no The American Psychological Association (APA) has found that children separated from their
\nparents due to immigration enforcement suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD),
\nanxiety, and depression.
\no Studies show that family separation leads to increased poverty rates, housing insecurity, and
\nreliance on social services among affected children.
\no The Urban Institute reports that sudden loss of a parent due to deportation results in severe
\nacademic declines, increasing dropout rates and reducing long-term earning potential.
\n\u2022 The forced deportation of TPS holders would cause irreparable harm to U.S. citizen children, violating
\nthe U.S. government’s obligations under domestic and international human rights principles.
\n\u2022 Historically, the US administration has recognized family unity as a guiding principle in immigration
\nreform, making the Trump\u2019s administration decision to terminate TPS inconsistent with these policy
\ncommitments.
\nBy terminating TPS, the government would directly harm U.S. citizen children of the parents
\nfacing deportation, thus, contradict its long-standing commitment to family unity, create unnecessary
\nhardship for thousands of U.S. citizens, and undermine national economic and social stability
\na. EXTREME HARDSHIP TO U.S. CITIZEN CHILDREN
\nThe forced separation of TPS recipients would devastate U.S. citizen children, exposing them to
\neconomic instability, emotional trauma, educational disruption, and homelessness and delinquency.<\/p>\n

PROPOSED MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAECASE NO. 3:25-CV-01766 – 11<\/p>\n

According to data from the Center for American Progress, more than 270,000 U.S. citizen children live
\nin households with TPS recipients. Deporting Venezuelan parents would expose these children to:
\n\u2022 FAMILY SEPARATION AND TRAUMA:
\no Studies show that children of deported parents suffer long-term emotional distress,
\ndepression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
\no In re Adoption of Children by Gaydos, 150 N.J. Super. 78 (1977) reaffirmed that
\nsudden parental separation causes long-term psychological harm.
\n\u2022 SEVERE ECONOMIC HARDSHIP:
\no TPS recipients work in essential industries such as healthcare, construction, and
\neducation.
\no TPS holders are homeowners, deporting them would cause significant repercussion
\nin the housing market where foreclosure will likely rise
\no Deportation would force many U.S. citizen children into poverty, violating U.S.
\npolicy commitments to child welfare (Child Citizenship Act of 2000).
\no Many TPS families are homeowners and small business owners, meaning
\ndeportation would also destabilize local economies.
\n\u2022 EDUCATIONAL DISRUPTION:
\no Many TPS families prioritize their children\u2019s education, and family separation leads
\nto severe academic setbacks to their U.S. Citizen children.
\no Loss of parental support would reduce college enrollment rates and increase dropout
\nrates among affected children.
\nThe economic, psychological, and educational consequences of family separation
\ndue to TPS termination contradict U.S. policy commitments to family unity, child
\nwelfare, and economic stability. The decision to revoke TPS would not only harm
\nchildren and families but also undermine national values and social stability.
\nF. DEMONSTRATING MATERIALLY CHANGED COUNTRY CONDITIONS IN VENEZUELA<\/p>\n

PROPOSED MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAECASE NO. 3:25-CV-01766 – 12<\/p>\n

Recent developments in Venezuela indicate that the country\u2019s conditions have not improved significantly,
\ncountering any assertions to the contrary. The political landscape remains unstable, with the 2024 presidential
\nelection widely criticized for lacking transparency and fairness. International observers, including the Organization
\nof American States (OAS) and the United Nations, have questioned the legitimacy of President Nicol\u00e1s Maduro\u2019s
\nre-election, citing evidence of electoral fraud and suppression of opposition candidates.
\nThe humanitarian and political crisis in Venezuela continues to deteriorate, making the safe return of TPS
\nbeneficiaries impossible. The Maduro regime’s intensified repression, coupled with an economic collapse, has led to
\nsystematic human rights violations and increased persecution of political dissidents.
\n\u2022 The 2023 U.S. State Department Human Rights Report details ongoing extrajudicial killings, politically
\nmotivated detentions, and severe restrictions on speech and assembly.
\n\u2022 The Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar Liberator Law criminalizes support for international sanctions, directly exposing
\nreturnees to imprisonment, property confiscation, and torture.
\n\u2022 Reports from international organizations, including the United Nations, Amnesty International, and
\nthe Organization of American States (OAS), document the worsening crisis, including food insecurity,
\nlack of medical supplies, and state-sanctioned violence.
\n\u2022 The International Criminal Court (ICC) continues investigations into crimes against humanity
\ncommitted by the Maduro regime, reinforcing the argument that returnees would face immediate danger.
\nThe economic situation continues to be precarious. While there was a modest GDP growth of 4-6% in 2024,
\nprimarily due to increased oil production, this recovery is fragile. The recent revocation of Chevron\u2019s license to
\noperate in Venezuela by the U.S. administration is expected to reduce oil output by approximately 150,000 barrels
\nper day, significantly impacting national revenue. This development underscores the vulnerability of Venezuela\u2019s
\neconomy to external factors and sanctions.
\nSocial unrest persists, with widespread protests erupting in January 2025 against Maduro\u2019s inauguration. These
\ndemonstrations have been met with increased repression, leading to numerous arrests of political opponents and
\nactivists. The government\u2019s actions have drawn international condemnation, highlighting ongoing human rights
\nconcerns.<\/p>\n

PROPOSED MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAECASE NO. 3:25-CV-01766 – 13<\/p>\n

In summary, current reports from reputable sources and the daily news indicate that Venezuela continues to face
\nsignificant political, economic, and social challenges. The TPS designation for Venezuelans remains a necessary
\nhumanitarian measure, and there is no credible evidence linking it to national security risks.
\nG. NO CREDIBLE NATIONAL SECURITY RISK FROM THE VENEZUELAN TPS DESIGNATION
\nRegarding national security implications that have been blatantly discriminatory for the Venezuelan community
\nlabeling them as criminals and members of the gang \u201cTren de Aragua\u201d invading the US, there is no substantial
\nevidence to suggest that the Temporary Protected Status (TPS) designation for Venezuelans poses a risk to U.S.
\nnational security. TPS is a humanitarian program designed to protect individuals from countries experiencing armed
\nconflict, environmental disasters, or extraordinary conditions that prevent safe return. The primary intent is to
\nprovide temporary refuge and work authorization to eligible individuals, without compromising national security.
\nThe assertion that the designation of Temporary Protected Status (TPS) for Venezuelans presents a national
\nsecurity risk is unfounded and unsupported by evidence. U.S. immigration laws impose strict vetting and
\nsecurity protocols on TPS applicants, ensuring that individuals who pose a security or criminal threat do not
\nreceive TPS protection.
\na. Rigorous Background Checks and Criminal Ineligibility
\nRegarding national security implications that have been blatantly discriminatory for the Venezuelan
\ncommunity labeling them as criminals and members of the gang \u201cTren de Aragua\u201d invading the US, there
\nis no substantial evidence to suggest that the Temporary Protected Status (TPS) designation for
\nVenezuelans poses a risk to U.S. national security. TPS is a humanitarian program designed to protect
\nindividuals from countries experiencing armed conflict, environmental disasters, or extraordinary
\nconditions that prevent safe return. The primary intent is to provide temporary refuge and work
\nauthorization to eligible individuals, without compromising national security.
\nBefore being granted TPS, every applicant must pass an extensive background check conducted by
\nthe Department of Homeland Security (DHS), U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), and
\nother relevant federal agencies. These checks include:
\n\u2022 FBI name and fingerprint background checks.<\/p>\n

PROPOSED MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAECASE NO. 3:25-CV-01766 – 14<\/p>\n

\u2022 Screening through DHS and Interpol databases
\n\u2022 Review of any criminal records, including local, state, and federal law enforcement
\nagencies
\n\u2022 Verification against national security watchlists
\nImportantly, under 8 U.S.C. \u00a7 1254a(c)(2)(B)(INA \u00a7 244(c)(2)(B)), an individual is barred from
\nreceiving TPSif they:
\n1. Have been convicted of a felony or two or more misdemeanors committed in the United
\nStates;
\n2. Are found to be inadmissible on national security grounds, including involvement in terrorism
\nor criminal organizations;
\n3. Have participated in persecution of others or engaged in human rights violations;
\n4. Fail to meet the continuous physical presence and residency requirements.
\nb. Historical Precedent Shows No Link to National Security Threats
\nSince its inception in 1990, the TPS program has never been linked to a national security crisis.
\nCountries such as El Salvador, Haiti, Syria, and Ukraine have had TPS designations for years without
\nevidence of posing a systemic national security risk. Venezuelan TPS beneficiaries are no different.
\nFurthermore, the Department of State and independent analysts have found no credible
\nevidence linking Venezuelan TPS holders to organized crime, terrorism, or threats to national
\nsecurity. Venezuelans who obtain TPS are overwhelmingly law-abiding individuals fleeing government
\npersecution, economic collapse, and human rights abuses.
\nH. IMPACT OF THE ALIEN ENEMIES ACT AND NATIONAL SECURITY
\nCONCERNS
\nIn March 2025, the President invoked the Alien Enemies Act to address the perceived invasion of the
\nUnited States by the Tren de Aragua, a transnational criminal organization originating from Venezuela. The
\ninvocation of this rarely used statute reflects a growing national security concern surrounding criminal
\nelements associated with Venezuela. However, the sweeping application of the Act risks unjustly targeting<\/p>\n

PROPOSED MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAECASE NO. 3:25-CV-01766 – 15<\/p>\n

law-abiding Venezuelan TPS holders who have made significant contributions to the U.S. economy and
\nsociety.
\nThe Alien Enemies Act grants the executive branch broad discretionary powers over nationals from
\ndesignated enemy states, raising significant constitutional concerns when applied to individuals who have
\nestablished deep ties to the United States. This measure must not be used as a pretext to dismantle
\nhumanitarian protections such as TPS, especially when the Venezuelan TPS population consists largely of
\nindividuals fleeing persecution rather than engaging in criminal conduct. Courts have previously ruled that
\nimmigration policies must not be arbitrary or punitive in nature (Zadvydas v. Davis, 533 U.S. 678 (2001)),
\nand any enforcement actions must align with constitutional due process protections.
\nThe use of the Alien Enemies Act in this context also contradicts longstanding U.S. commitments to
\ninternational refugee and humanitarian protections, particularly the principle of non-refoulement under the
\n1951 Refugee Convention. The designation of Venezuelan TPS holders as potential security threats without
\nindividualized assessments risks violating due process and equal protection rights under the Fifth and
\nFourteenth Amendments.
\nI. EVIDENCE OF PERSECUTION FOR SOCIAL MEDIA ACTIVITY
\nThe Maduro regime has implemented a surveillance and repression system that includes monitoring social
\nmedia to identify and punish critics. Reports from organizations such as Amnesty International and Human Rights
\nWatch have documented cases of arbitrary detentions, torture, and forced disappearances of Venezuelan citizens due
\nto their online posts. TPS beneficiaries who have used their social media accounts to denounce the regime\u2014whether
\nthrough direct criticism, support for the opposition, or dissemination of information about the fraudulent elections of
\nJuly 28, 2024\u2014would not be exempt from this pattern.
\na. DIOSDADO CABELLO\u2019S ROLE AS AN ENFORCER OF REPRESSION
\nDiosdado Cabello, one of the most influential leaders of Chavismo and known for his hardline stance,
\nhas been identified by international organizations and foreign governments as a key actor in the regime\u2019s
\nrepressive machinery. As Minister of Interior, he has direct control over security forces, including the
\nGeneral Directorate of Military Counterintelligence (DGCIM) and the Bolivarian National Intelligence
\nService (SEBIN), both responsible for severe human rights violations. Cabello also hosts the television<\/p>\n

PROPOSED MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAECASE NO. 3:25-CV-01766 – 16<\/p>\n

program Con El Mazo Dando, where he routinely threatens opponents and exposes personal information
\nabout critics, including those abroad. If TPS beneficiaries are deported, they are likely to be met by forces
\nunder his command, facing immediate detention and severe reprisals.
\nb. CONSEQUENCES OF RECENT PROTESTS
\nThe protests following the July 28, 2024 elections\u2014widely regarded as fraudulent by the international
\ncommunity\u2014have intensified repression in Venezuela. Thousands of demonstrators have been detained,
\nand the regime has vowed to punish those who challenge its legitimacy, including Venezuelans abroad who
\nhave supported these mobilizations via social media. Deporting TPS beneficiaries would expose them
\ndirectly to this climate of state-sponsored violence, where due process is nonexistent, and charges such as
\n\u201ctreason\u201d or \u201cterrorism\u201d are used to justify disproportionate penalties.
\nJ. UNITED STATES\u2019 INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS UNDER NON-REFOULEMENT
\nThe principle of non-refoulement, enshrined in the 1951 Refugee Convention and other human rights
\ninstruments, prohibits returning individuals to countries where they face risks of persecution or serious harm.
\nCanceling TPS would violate this principle, given the clear and present danger that Venezuelan critics of the regime
\nwould face upon return to Venezuela.
\nUnder 8 U.S.C. \u00a7 1231(b)(3), U.S. law prohibits the removal of individuals to countries where they would more
\nlikely than not face persecution based on a protected ground. This statutory safeguard aligns with the United States\u2019
\ncommitments under the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol. The relief mechanism, termed
\n\u201cwithholding of removal,\u201d imposes a more stringent evidentiary burden than asylum, requiring a higher probability
\nof harm. However, once an applicant meets this threshold, the grant of protection is mandatory, subject only to
\nnarrowly defined exceptions.
\nThe United States has officially recognized Nicol\u00e1s Maduro as a dictator1
\nand a criminal, condemning his
\nregime for systematic human rights violations, political persecution, and widespread corruption. Sending
\n1 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY, 2017. Treasury Sanctions the President of
\nVenezuela. Available at: https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170801154443\/https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/pressreleases\/Pages\/sm0137.aspx<\/p>\n

PROPOSED MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAECASE NO. 3:25-CV-01766 – 17<\/p>\n

Venezuelan nationals back to a country ruled by a government that the U.S. itself acknowledges as illegitimate and
\noppressive contradicts U.S. foreign policy and fundamental human rights principles.
\nThe Venezuela 2023 Human Rights Report from the U.S. Department of State2 provides ample evidence of the
\ndangers faced by returnees. It documents numerous extrajudicial killings, enforced disappearances, and arbitrary
\ndetentions targeting political opponents, activists, and individuals perceived as dissidents. Domestic human rights
\norganizations recorded at least 63 disappearances between January and March in border states, with additional cases
\nreported in subsequent months. Security forces and criminal groups, often operating with the complicity of Maduroaligned authorities, were identified as primary perpetrators.
\n3
\nThe acknowledgment that Maduro\u2019s authoritarian regime poses a serious threat, coupled with the attempt to
\nrescind Temporary Protected Status (TPS) for Venezuelans with existing removal orders, directly contradicts the
\nConvention Against Torture (\u201cCAT\u201d). Under CAT, the U.S. government is prohibited from deporting a noncitizen to
\na country where there is a greater than 50% chance they will face torture. This obligation, codified in 8 U.S.C. \u00a7
\n1231 note, ensures that individuals are not forcibly returned to environments where they would be subjected to
\ninhumane treatment or persecution.
\nMoreover, the report highlights that Maduro\u2019s security apparatus routinely employs torture and other cruel,
\ninhuman, and degrading treatment against detainees, including arbitrary arrests, forced disappearances, and
\nprolonged solitary confinement. The continued repression of civil society, political opposition, and independent
\nmedia further demonstrates that Venezuela remains an unsafe country for those who have spoken out against the
\nregime.
\nGiven this overwhelming evidence, forcing Venezuelan TPS holders to return would place them at extreme risk
\nof persecution, torture, and disappearance, violating the United States’ international obligations under the principle
\nof non-refoulement. To deport individuals under these conditions would not only be morally indefensible but also
\nlegally impermissible under international human rights law and U.S. treaty commitments.
\n2 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, 2024. Venezuela 2023 Human Rights Report. Available at:
\nhttps:\/\/www.state.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/528267_VENEZUELA-2023-HUMAN-RIGHTS-REPORT.pdf
\n3
\nId.<\/p>\n

PROPOSED MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAECASE NO. 3:25-CV-01766 – 18<\/p>\n

IV. REQUEST TO THE COURT
\nFor the reasons outlined above, VEPPEX and AMAVEX respectfully request that this Honorable Court to
\nconsider the evidence of systematic persecution by the Maduro regime, particularly under Diosdado Cabello\u2019s
\ndirection, against those exercising free expression on social media. Recognize the imminent risk of severe
\nreprisals\u2014including arbitrary detention, torture, and death\u2014for TPS beneficiaries if deported.
\nUphold Temporary Protected Status for Venezuelans, consistent with the humanitarian obligations and values of
\njustice of the United States.
\nV. CONCLUSION
\nTerminating TPS contradicts U.S. policy commitments and creates unnecessary family separations,
\nundermining national interests. Canceling TPS would not only endanger the lives and liberty of thousands of
\nVenezuelans but also implicitly signal tolerance toward a regime that brutally represses its citizens. We urge this
\nCourt to protect those who have found in this country a refuge to raise their voices against tyranny, preventing them
\nfrom being handed over to their persecutors.
\nFor the foregoing reasons, VEPPEX and AMAVEX respectfully urge this Court to grant relief in favor of
\nPlaintiffs and enjoin the termination of TPS for Venezuelans. The ongoing humanitarian crisis in Venezuela, the
\nsevere risks faced by returnees, and the constitutional vulnerabilities imposed on U.S. citizen relatives demonstrate
\nthat terminating TPS is both unlawful and inhumane
\nRespectfully submitted,
\nDate: March 18, 2025
\nHelene Villalonga
\nPresident of AMAVEX, INC (Asociaci\u00f3n
\nMulticultural de Activistas Voz y
\nExpresi\u00f3n)
\n8180 NW 36th St Ste. 415
\nDoral, FL 33166
\nPhone: 1-754-423-1796
\nEmail: amavex.int@gmail.com
\nPRO SE
\nJos\u00e9 Antonio Colina
\nPresident of VEPPEX
\nProtected by the United Nations
\nConvention against Torture
\n7000 Rue Granville #103, Miami Beach
\n33141
\nPhone: 1-786-436-8269
\nEmail: Joseacolina@hotmail.com<\/p>\n

PROPOSED MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE BRIEF OF AMICI CURIAECASE NO. 3:25-CV-01766 – 19<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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